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As Safety Is A Congenital Trait Of A Person, It Is No Wonder That Concern For ...

As safety is a congenital trait of a person, it is no wonder that concern for safety appears to be a deciding factor in travelling (Edgell, 1990; Demos, 1992). Striving for relaxation and entertainment, tourists are especially susceptible to any events of terrorism or crimes. As Hall and O'Sullivan (1996) point out, violent protests, social unrest, civil war, terrorist actions, the perceived violations of human rights, or even the mere threat of these activities can all serve to cause tourists to alter their travel behaviour (p.117).

Thus, the aim of this research is two-fold: 1) to analyse the impacts of 2005 Bombings in London on the British tourist industry on the basis of the findings received from other similar events, and 2) to uncover the extent of these impacts in the case of the industry's decline. In view of this aim, the paper is divided into several chapters. Introduction provides general information on the British tourist industry and the background of the terrorist attack of July 7, 2005. Literature review analyses the critical viewpoints of researchers and scholars on the issues of tourism and crimes (especially terrorism), while chapter 3 reveals the research methodology utilised in the analysis. The next chapter presents the observation of administration and procedures, and chapter 5 provides the data and data analysis. The findings are discussed in chapter 6 and are further summarised in chapter 7 that also gives recommendations for further researches of tourism and terrorism.
2 Literature review
The impact of terrorism on tourism has been especially investigated in the last decade in view of the increase in number of crimes and terrorist attacks all over the world. Evaluating the impact of crimes on tourism in Hawaii, Chesney-Lind and Lind (1986) state that regression analysis revealed that the number of tourist present in the community was significantly related to the rates of most major crimes with the exception of murder and auto-theft (p.170). Schiebler, Crotts and Hollinger (1996) point at the fact tourism is generally acknowledged as an industry that only thrives under peaceful conditions (p.37). However, as the researchers have found out, the recent terrorist attacks and other crimes considerably undermine the tourist industries, but while in the 80s years of the 20th century tourists avoided Third World countries, in the beginning of the 21st century they also began to elude developed countries because of the spread of criminality in these places. Crystal (1993) considers that the media exaggerates the events of terrorist attacks and crimes, providing the distorted levels of risk and impeding the spread of the tourist industry. On the other hand, some countries with a high level of terrorism usually initiate various advertising policies to present their destinations as safe (Sonmez, Apostolopoulos & Tarlow, 1999).

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