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000 can be performed with relative ease.
To do this, each response from each survey item for the testing of a particular hypothesis was repositioned to represent a long line of responses tested against a hypothetical mean of 3.000 for each case. In the case of 118 respondents to the 5 questions addressing an awareness, a column of 590 (118 x 5) responses was created to utilize Excels abilities and limitations to process data in this way.
Testing Protocol
In analyzing these constructed data sets, the t-test assuming equal variance was performed after confirming that most data did indeed conform to a roughly normal distribution. This test was selected over others largely due to the exclusion of other tests similar in design yet more appropriate to other cases. For example, this data set is clearly not a paired sample and one cannot assume unequal variances. In addition, the F-test feature could have been utilized but the Excel t-test algorithm provides additional information such as both a one- and two-tailed estimate of probability. Finally, the utilization of ANOVA tests is highly appropriate for an analysis of variance overall yet is not ideal for comparing each mean to the hypothetical construct µ = 3.000.
Primary Results
The summary results for each test are presented below:
Mean Test v. Mean Awareness
Comment: Not statistically significant as p>.05
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Test
Awareness
Mean
3
3.0302521
Variance
0
0.66911694
Observations
595
595
Pooled Variance
0.334558
Hypothesized Mean Difference
0
df
1188
t Stat
-0.90212
P(T<=t) one-tail
0.183589
t Critical one-tail
1.646137
P(T<=t) two-tail
0.367177
t Critical two-tail
1.961963
Mean Test v. Mean H1 (Values)
Comment: Highly statistically significant increase as p<.001
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Test
H1
Mean
3
4.3907563
Variance
0
0.46965158
Observations
952
952
Pooled Variance
0.234826
Hypothesized Mean Difference
0
df
1902
t Stat
-62.6155
P(T<=t) one-tail
0
t Critical one-tail
1.645655
P(T<=t) two-tail
0
t Critical two-tail
1.961212
Mean Test v. Mean H2 (Innovation)
Comment: Highly statistically significant decrease in innovationas p<.001
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Test
H2
Mean
3
2.86834734
Variance
0
0.56609348
Observations
714
714
Pooled Variance
0.
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