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Facilities And Availability Are Also Factors That Enter Into The ...


Facilities and availability are also factors that enter into the participation equation, along with costs. For example, the incidence of parks, walkways, golf, tennis, cricket, bicycle paths, gym facilities and the like are more likely to be located near to upper income neighbourhoods than lower income communities, thus factoring into the socioeconomic aspect of the participation equation. In addition, the costs associated with such areas as travel to facilities and or parks, etc., the potential for a relative or other individual(s) to aid and or assist an elderly individual increases with income as a result of affordability, time, and other factors. Either having transportation, or someone to take them and bring them back represents an example of the preceding. The limiting capabilities of income can dissuade and or be a preventive factor that is a real component of the participation equation. The study indicated that the foregoing were real factors in the equation of older citizen sport participation that higher income removes or at least aids in a number of ways. Higher income groups have more individuals with the means as well as time to lend a helping hand, and or join in sport activities. In continuing the preceding, the study, Understanding Participation in Sport a Systematic Review, stated There is an urgent need for well-conducted qualitative research into attitudes to physical activity (Sport England, 2007). The foregoing represent realities that form a component of people's lives and thus are aspects that enter into the equations being examined herein, which is diagrammed below.
Figure 1 Model of Potential Determinants of Sport/Physical Activity
(Sport England, 2007).
Life Course

NeighbourhoodIndividual variablesDesired
Variables Outcomes
Demographics
Psychosocial factors
A report published in 2000 titled Sports Participation in Scotland 2000 (SportScotland, 2001) served as an aid in correlating information on sports participation by the elderly in the United Kingdom. The need for additional information was noted by Dr. Katrin Petry of the German Sports University in Cologne who commented that information regarding sports participation is scarce, unreliable, and not accurate enough concerning sports participation by adults (EurActiv.com, 2005). The Scottish survey noted that the adult sports participation rate for males during the past twelve years increased from 67 percent to 70 percent, and from 50 percent to 60 percent for females, with swimming, walking and cycling representing the most popular sports (SportScotland, 2001). It also provided a classification division that closely approximates the one as shown on Table 7 Social Class Segments, as provided by the House of Lords (2005).

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