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Of course, this contradiction in the free press shapes the development and use of visual imagery and cartoon to develop opinions on press freedoms.
Also, it is to be noted that the reduction of the press into a series of inconsequential scandals and personal slander tended towards a more visual model of representation. Because of the nature by which the privatised press was changed, the visual iconography of manipulation was paved by the political and hierarchical organisational structure that tended to place a direct opposition between the roles of producer and consumer. The growth of visual media, including marketing, can be said to have facilitated the effectiveness of propaganda in shaping the development of visual iconography during World War One. Goldstein comments that "What could not be controlled nearly so easily, and therefore became the subject of rising alarm and constant attempts to constrain, was the rising desire and ability of the masses to read, the emergence of newspapers that sought a popular audience, and the simultaneous growth of other media such as theater and caricature that could be comprehended even by the illiterate, who typically constituted a large, impoverished, alienated, and therefore potentially deeply subversive element" (4). Therefore, it was implicit in the organisation of the free press that ideologically subversive elements were taken off the agenda, especially in the popular presses of the media barons of the period, whose entrepreneurial instincts veer gravely from the working-class concept of solidarity and socialist / communist class war.
The importance of the First World War upon exposing the limits of press freedoms therefore has to take into account the fact that, strictly speaking, the radical, left-wing and subversive voices of the press were concealed, obfuscated and erased by the very dynamic of capitalism in the first instance. Thus, it can be posited that the degree to which patriotic fervour was stirred during the First World War was simply the first concrete example of how the free press was structured and assembled in order to generate public, pro-patriotic consensus and opinion irrespective of government intervention. Although other factors could have been at play; and that changes in the dynamic of the newspaper presses in Britain in the 1850s may have been incidental to the development of the dissolution of the radical presses and may have resulted from either broader political or sociological issues, the bourgeois ideology propagated by advertising undoubtedly had some measurable impact upon public opinion prior to the First World War.
In this section I have looked at the background that led up to the First World War.
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