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Al., 2005).in The Physical Environment, Children Are More Likely To Eat Foods ...

al., 2005).In the physical environment, children are more likely to eat foods that are available and easily accessible, and they tend to eat greater quantities when larger portions are provided. In the social environment, parents, siblings, peers, education, and media the types of foods children eat. Parents also play a direct role in children's eating patterns through their behaviours, attitudes, and feeding styles (Birch et al, 2001). Research suggests that in terms of dietary preference, children are vastly influenced by the people around them particularly during early and middle childhood. Family environment is the key factor for the development of food preferences, patterns of food intake and eating styles.
2.3 Health Conditions Related to Improper Nutrition
Poor nutrition in children increases their susceptibility of developing health-related risks such as childhood obesity (Revill, 2002; Buttriss, 2006; Dehghan, et.al., 2005; Whitaker, et.al., 1997; Reilly, et.al., 1999; Baird et.al., 2005; dietz, 1998); anemia (Zlotkin, undated; Mayo Clinic, 2005); and dental caries (Marshal, et.al., 2003; Marshall et.al., 2005; School Food Trust, 2006).
2.3.1 Childhood Obesity
Dehghan and others (2005), claim that childhood obesity occurs when the intake of energy is greater than its expenditure. A birth cohort study on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence in Great Britain by Reilly and others (1999), provides evidence that there was a high incidence of overweight children in the UK in 1990. Furthermore, analyses of the Health Survey for England data, (Welsh Health Survey, 2004), confirm that the prevalence of overweight and obese children is continuing to increase. The proportion of obese boys and girls aged 2 19 years increased by 1% from 1995 to 2000. Currently statistics show that 1 in 6 children in England are obese (Office for National Statistics, 2006). Daniels (2006), examined the consequences of childhood obesity and claims that it leads to the development of obesity-related conditions such as high blood pressure, early symptoms of hardening of the arteries, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary disorder, and disordered breathing during sleep.
An analysis by Dehghan and others (2005), of the effects of calorie and fat intake on childhood obesity reveal that increased calorie intake from sugar-containing soft drink and fastfood items promote weight gain. This was collaborated by the study conducted by Fox and others (2005), which confirms sugar-sweetened beverages such as sodas or soft drinks, contribute to weight gain and poor nutrition among students.
2.3.2 Anemia

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world.


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