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This Will Include Books, Journals, Financial Papers And Internet Sites ...

This will include books, journals, financial papers and Internet sites (Saunders, M. et al 1997). This review will start wide discussing the well-used financial options that are available, and then focus equity default swaps and barrier options
The literature review is expected to meet the following criteria
Review the most used, existing theories and models on hedging strategies
Introduce and discuss equity default swaps and barrier options
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the model chosen for the research
Primary Research
The first stage of primary research will be a questionnaire sent to a cross section of practioners in the financial markets (Saunders, M. et al 1997).
The questionnaire will
Reveal primary information on financial decisions
Identify which method of hedging practioners prefer
With the rationale for these choices
Compare this to the contemporary theorists
The majority of the primary research will be the application of the developed binomial model to equity default swaps and barrier options, within a set of predetermined events in separate money markets. These hypothetical investments will be in as similar conditions as possible; to reduce any predicted difference on return (Saunders, M. et al 1997).
The primary research will
Reveal primary information hedging methods
Identify the most consistent method for hedging
Compare this to the contemporary theory
The Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein (CRR) binomial model is easy to construct and is probably the most widely accepted and popular binomial model. To set up the CRR model in Microsoft Excel, enter the data in cells A7 to B12 (D'Urso, J 2005).
A7
Stock Price

A8
Exercise Price

A9
Interest Rate

A10
Volatility

A11
Time to maturity

A12
Number of steps

A16
Parameters based on CRR Approach

A17
Time interval

A18
Up movement

A19
Down movement

A20
Up movement probability

A21
Discount factor

A26
Answer section
Step 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time
Stock price


Then, enter the labels as shown in cells A16 to A21. Finally, the following formulas will be entered the in the corresponding cells:
B17 =B11/B12
B18 =(EXP (B10*SQRT (B17)))
B19 =1/B18
B20 =(EXP (B9*B17)-B19)/(B18-B19)
B21 =EXP (-B9*B17)

The next stage is to set up a stock price tree this will generate various stock prices for example up and down prices at each step over the life of the option. The end result is a standard binomial model that can be adapted to fit any organisation. This is not the full formula; this is available in D'Urso (2005) journal article, and easily converts CRR binomial model into Microsoft excel spread sheet, this will be used to calculate the formula (D'Urso, J 2005).


Thanks